Most of us don’t think about the molecules running our bodies—until they start to run low. NAD+ is one of the key ones: a coenzyme that cells need for energy and repair.
The problem? Our natural supply of NAD+ dips with age, and researchers are working to determine whether boosting it might help keep us stronger, sharper, and healthier as the years go by.
The Search for Age-Defying Interventions
NAD—short for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide—is found in every cell of the body. It exists in two forms: NAD+ and NADH.
NAD+ is essential for energy production, metabolism, DNA repair, and immunity. Human studies show that NAD+ declines with age in tissues such as the skin, liver, and brain. Because NAD+ supports so many processes, even small drops can have significant impact.
For example, low NAD+ levels make it harder for the body to repair DNA and control inflammation. Over time, this can raise the risk of skin, breast, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers, although those links are still being studied.
The drop is also linked to age-related conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes, and sarcopenia (muscle weakness and loss). Researchers are exploring whether some of these conditions may be slowed down—or improved—by restoring or maintaining NAD+ levels.
NAD Sources and Precursors
NAD is produced from vitamin B3 (niacin). Good sources include meat, fish, poultry, mushrooms, sunflower seeds, peanut butter, brown rice, sweetpotatoes, oats, quinoa, and green peas.
NAD+ levels can also be supported by two naturally occurring precursors: nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN).
NR is found in foods such as bananas, oranges, avocados, leeks, and cilantro, while NMN occurs in broccoli, green beans, beets, spinach, carrots, collard greens, and scallions. However, the amounts present in these foods are small, and it’s unclear whether typical diets supply enough to meaningfully boost NAD+ levels.
NAD+ IV therapies are available at some wellness clinics. Supplements marketed as NAD-boosters (like NMN) have also been available. In 2022, the FDA ruled that NMN, previously under investigation as a drug, was not legal as a dietary supplement. After a challenge by the Natural Products Association, the agency reversed its decision in September 2025, stating NMN could once again be sold as a dietary supplement, based on evidence it was marketed as a supplement before the drug investigation began.
Move More, Boost NAD+
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) gives a quick boost, and regular cardio and strength training help keep NAD+ levels strong.
Note
Because NAD+ supports cell growth, there may be risks for people with undetected cancers or other conditions. Early studies show good short-term tolerance, but long-term effects aren’t yet established.
